Tartu Ülikool, Ökoloogia ja
Maateaduste Instituut, Zooloogia Osakond
LOOMAÖKOLOOGIA ÕPPETOOL
1992-2012
Kuulub Bioloogilise
Mitmekesisuse Tippkeskusesse
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Juhataja: Raivo
Mänd Asukoht: Tartu, Vanemuise
tn. 46 ruumid 310 & 323-324; ja Vanemuise tn. 21 I-II korrus. Telefon: 737 5070; 506 9849 Faks: 737 5830 E-post: Raivo.Mänd@ut.ee
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Sisujuht
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ÜLIÕPILASELE
Loomaökoloogia õppetool on üliõpilaste jaoks, keda
huvitavad (a) elusorganismide käitumise tagamaad, (b) see, mis tagab
loomastiku ja teiste organismide mitmekesisuse ja kuidas seda mitmekesisust
kaitsta, ning (c) see, kuidas loomad suudavad kohaneda ja kohastuda erinevate
keskkonnatingimuste, haiguste ja parasiitidega. Siit leiavad teemasid nii need,
kes eelistavad käia loomi uurimas looduses ning hindavad
välitööde võlusid ja raskusi, kui ka need, kes soovivad
loomi uurida teaduslaborite kontrollitud tingimustes. Väga oodatud on ka
üliõpilased, kes soovivad uurida mitte ainult loomi, vaid lisaks ka
taimi ja teisi elusorganisme.
Üliõpilasel, kes otsib endale bakalaureuse- või
magistritöö teemat ja soovib tutvuda loomaökoloogia
õppetooli pakutavate võimalustega, soovitame kõigepealt
sirvida läbi kogu käesolev veebileht. Nii saate te teada,
kes on meil üliõpilaste potentsiaalsed juhendajad (teadlased/õppejõud ja doktorandid)
ja millega nad tegelevad,
millised on õppetooli töörühmad
ja kes neid juhivad,
millised on õppetooli laiemad teadusteemad,
mille raames harilikult uurivad üliõpilased oma kitsamat teemat,
milliste probleemide uurimisega tegelevad õppetooli praegused magistrandid,
mis teemadel ja kui palju doktoritöid ja teadusmagistritöid on õppetoolis viimasel ajal
kaitstud,
mis teemadel, millistes ajakirjades ja
kui palju on õppetoolis publitseeritud teadusartikleid.
Esimesed neli punkti on olulised veendumaks, et siin õppetoolis
tegeletakse teile huvi pakkuvate ja vastuvõetavate asjadega.
Viimased kaks punkti on tähtsad veendumaks, et te meile tulles seote
end tegusa ja eduka kollektiiviga, kus üliõpilasi juhendavad targad
õpetlased ja doktorandid.
Oma valiku tegemisel soovitame omavahel võrrelda teile huvi
pakkuvate õppetoolide vastavaid näitajaid. Ärge usaldage
ainuüksi seda, mida ja kui ahvatlevalt teile välja reklaamitakse,
vaid vaadake eelkõige seda, mida kusagil on saavutatud. Viljapuud
hinnatakse viljade, mitte õite järgi! Teaduskollektiivi taset
näitab eelkõige see, kui palju doktoritöid on viimasel ajal
kaitstud ja kui palju ja millistes ajakirjades on publitseeritud artikleid.
Tugevas kollektiivis sünnivad üldjuhul ka tugevad üliõpilastööd
ning lõpetaja omandab head eeldused edasisteks õpinguteks
või erialaseks tööks. Seda muidugi juhul, kui
üliõpilane selleks ise piisavalt kaasa aitab.
Kui tahate teada pisut täpsemalt õppetooli erinevate
töörühmade ja laborite kohta, klikkige nende nimetustel:
Lindude immuunökoloogia
rühm
Lindude käitumisökoloogia rühm
Looduskaitsebioloogia rühm (tegeleb nii
loomade, taimede kui ka seentega)
Primatoloogia rühm
Lõpuks, kui teile tundub, et te tahaksite oma uurimistöö
teha loomaökoloogia õppetooli juures, pöörduge õppetooli juhataja või siis otse töörühmade juhtide poole.
Tere tulemast loomaökoloogiasse!
KOOSSEISULISED
TEADLASED/ÕPPEJÕUD
Raivo Mänd,
bioloogiakandidaat (PhD), professor,
tel.: 737 5070; 506 9849. 
Publikatsioonid 
Foto
Peeter Hõrak,
filosoofiadoktor (PhD), professor,
tel.: 737 5075; 5149 552. Publikatsioonid Foto
Indrikis
Krams, bioloogiadoktor (PhD), külalisprofessor, tel.:
+371 2946 5273. Publikatsioonid Foto
Asko
Lõhmus, filosoofiadoktor (PhD),
vanemteadur, tel. 737 5875; 529 2015. Publikatsioonid
Foto
Vallo Tilgar,
filosoofiadoktor (PhD), vanemteadur,
tel.: 737 5892; 529 1735. Publikatsioonid Foto
Marko
Mägi, filosoofiadoktor (PhD),
teadur, tel. 5291 997. Publikatsioonid
Foto
Priit
Kilgas, filosoofiadoktor (PhD),
teadur (tööleping ajutiselt peatatud), tel. 5258 399. Publikatsioonid
Foto
Ulvi
Karu, filosoofiadoktor (PhD),
teadur, tel. 5661 1437. Publikatsioonid
Foto
Małgorzata E. Arlet,
bioloogiadoktor (PhD), teadur, tel:
5301 9845. Publikatsioonid
Foto
Riinu Rannap, filosoofiadoktor (PhD), teadur, tel. 5232 732. Publikatsioonid
Foto
Lauri
Saks, filosoofiadoktor (PhD),
teadur (osakoormusega), tel. 5566 0908. Publikatsioonid
Foto
Elin Sild, filosoofiadoktor (PhD), teadur,
tel: Publikatsioonid Foto
Pauli Saag , filosoofiadoktor (PhD), teadur, tel. 5816 3698. Publikatsioonid Foto
Endised õppetooli liikmed:
Toomas
Tammaru (dotsent 1999-2005, praegu zooloogia õppetooli
professor)
Indrek Ots (teadur ja
vanemteadur 1999-2005, praegu TÜ teadus-arendusosakonna juhataja)
George A.
Lozano (teadur 2009-2010, tööleping
lõppenud)
DOKTORANDID (teemad, juhendajad)
Rauno
Veeroja Foto „Põdra demograafiliste
näitajate ja ilmastikutingimuste mõju kohortide vaheliste
erinevuste kujunemisele keha suuruses ja viljakuses”. Juhendaja V.
Tilgar.
Ann Kraut Foto “Metsade tüübi ja majandamisviisi
mõju mardikaliste mitmekesisusele”. Juhendaja A.
Lõhmus.
Tuul
Sepp Foto “Leuktsüütsed
ja biokeemilised konditsiooniindeksid rohevintidel: individuaalse varieeruvuse
allikad ja vastused immuunsüsteemi manipulatsioonile“. Juhendaja P.
Hõrak.
Merit Kreitsberg Foto “Põdra elukäigutunnuste
seosed toidurohkuse ja ilmastikutingimustega“. Juhendaja V. Tilgar.
Elo
Rasmann Foto “Toitmiskäitumise
paindlikkus keskkonnamõjusid puhverdava tegurina lindudel”.
Juhendajad: R. Mänd, M. Mägi.
Jaanus Elts Foto “Geograafiline
varieeruvus põllumajandusmaastiku linnustikus ja seda kujundavad
tegurid“. Juhendaja: A. Lõhmus.
Liina Remm Foto
“Metsakuivenduse mõju bioloogilisele mitmekesisusele”.
Juhendajad: A. Lõhmus, R. Rannap.
Marju Männiste Foto “Rohevintide füsioloogiline
ökoloogia: sulestiku omadused, oksüdatiivne tasakaal ja
immuunparameetrid”. Juhendaja: P. Hõrak.
Kaarin Koosa Foto
“Lindude isiksuseomaduste
mõju kohasusele muutuvas keskkonnas”. Juhendajad: P. Hõrak,
V. Tilgar.
Jaanis Lodjak Foto ”Erinevate elukäiguomadustega
linnuliikide aastaringse endokriinse stressivastuse varieeruvus allostaatilise
koormuse muutudes”. Juhendajad: M. Mägi, M.E. Arlet.
Grete Lüütsepp Foto ”Sulgedel elunevate bakterite roll
lindudel: uued võimalused seoses molekulaarsete ja mikrobioloogiliste
meetodite arenguga”. Juhendajad: M. Mägi, R. Mänd.
Kadri Moks Foto
“Hirmustressi mõju lindude sigimiskäitumisele”. Juhendaja: V. Tilgar.
Ulvi
Piirisalu Foto
“Suguline valik virtuaalkeskkonnas”. Juhendaja: P. Hõrak.
Marianne Pitk Foto
“Käitumuslik ja füsioloogiline stressivastus altritsiaalsete lindude varases eluetapis: fenotüübiline
plastilisus ja mõjud elukäigutunnustele”. Juhendaja: V.
Tilgar.
MAGISTRANDID (teemad, juhendajad)
Richard Meitern
“Lämmastikmonooksiidi produktsioon kaasasündinud immuunsüsteemi
aktivatsiooni markerina“. Juhendaja P. Hõrak.
Valentina Zolotarjova “Raidmete kogumise mõju puidumardikakooslustele
raiesmikel “. Juhendaja A. Kraut.
Martin Pent “Hematoloogiliste
terviseparameetrite varieeruvus kalakajakal: seosed vanuse ja
suremusega”. Juhendaja P. Hõrak.
Kaisa Telve “ Elupaigakasutus ja
lennuvõimestumisjärgne ellujäämus Rasvatihasel (Parus major): raadio-telemeetriline
uuring”. Juhendajad P. Kilgas,
M. Mägi.
Rauno Kalda “Nahkhiirte mitmekesisus küpsetes metsades
ja tehislikes puistutes (mõisaparkides)”. Juhendajad: R. Rannap,
J. Liira.
Maarja Vaikre “Metsakuivenduse mõju pisiveekogude
makrobentosele”. Juhendaja: L. Remm.
Pirko Jalakas “Rohevintide käitumine vangistuses: erinevate komponentide
püsivus ajas ja vastus immuunstimulatsioonile ning hirmutamisele”.
Juhendaja: P. Hõrak.
Linda-Liisa Veromann ”Ema ja lapse suhted mangabeidel”. Juhendaja: M.E. Arlet.
Oliver Kalda “ Nahkhiirte mitmekesisus avatud
põllumajandusmaastikes”. Juhendajad: R. Rannap, J. Liira.
Mirjam Pullerits ”Rähnid ja metsakaitse”.
Juhendajad: R. Nellis, A. Lõhmus.
Anu Rätsep “Sulgilagundavate bakterite efekt linnusulgede
lagunemiskiirusele ”. Juhendaja: P. Saag.
Killu Timm “Käitumist mõjutavad geenid
metsavärvulistel”. Juhendaja V. Tilgar.
Timo Torp “Veekogude taastamise mõju ohustatud kiilidele”.
Juhendaja R. Rannap.
Elin Soomets “Kõre (Bufo calamita) populatsioonide dünaamika ja seisund
Eestis”. Juhendaja R. Rannap.
TÖÖRÜHMAD
JA LABORID
Töörühmad
Immuunökoloogia
rühm. Juht P. Hõrak.
Liikmed: U. Karu, L. Saks, E. Sild, T. Sepp, U. Piirisalu, M. Visse ja
magistrandid.
Lindude
käitumisökoloogia rühm. Juhid R. Mänd & V. Tilgar. Liikmed:
M. Mägi, P. Kilgas, P. Saag, R. Veeroja, M Kreitsberg, E. Rasmann, K.
Moks, G. Lüütsepp, J. Lodjak, M. Pitk, K. Koosa ja magistrandid.
Looduskaitsebioloogia
rühm. Juht A. Lõhmus.
Liikmed: R. Rannap, A. Kraut, J. Elts, L. Remm, lisaks 6 liiget
botaanika osakonnast ja magistrandid.
Primatoloogia rühm. Juht
M.E. Arlet. Liikmed: magistrant.
Laborid
Linnuökoloogia välilabor.
Juhataja V. Tilgar.
Ökofüsioloogia labor. Tegevjuht
E. Sild.
Riiklik sihtfinantseerimisteema
nr. SF0180004s09 "Füsioloogiline käitumisökoloogia:
füsioloogiline meetod ökoloogia, käitumis- ja evolutsiooniuuringute
teenistuses". Teema juht: R. Mänd. Teised
põhitäitjad: P. Hõrak, V. Tilgar, M.
Mägi, P. Kilgas, U. Karu, L. Saks, I. Ots, P. Saag. Teema kuulub Eesti
Teaduse Tippkeskuse FIBIR koosseisu.
Riiklik sihtfinantseerimisteema
nr. SF0180012s09 "Organismide elupaiga- ja peremehespetsiifilisus
ning sellest lähtuvad uuendused looduskaitsestrateegiates". Teema juht:
A. Lõhmus. Teised põhitäitjad: K. Vellak, J. Paal, A.
Suija, J. Liira, P. Lõhmus, K. Põldmaa. Teema kuulub Eesti
Teaduse Tippkeskuse FIBIR koosseisu.
MOBILITAS’e
järeldoktori grant nr. MJD56 "Demograafiliste
parameetrite sotsio-ökoloogilised determinandid grupi-eluviisilisel
vabaltelaval primaadiliigil”. Teema juht: M.E. Arlet.
Eesti
Teadusfondi grant nr. ETF7737 "Antioksüdantkaitse,
oksüdatiivne stress, parasiidiresistentsus ja immuunpatoloogia –
indutseeritud kaitsereaktsioonide tulud ja kulud värvulistel”.
Teema juht:
P. Hõrak. Teised põhitäitjad: U. Karu, T. Sepp, E.
Sild, R. Meitern, M. Männiste.
Eesti Teadusfondi grant nr. ETF8566
"Bakterite roll lindude sulestikus:
uued võimalused seoses molekulaar- ja mikrobioloogiliste meetodite
arenguga". Teema juht: R. Mänd. Teised
põhitäitjad: V. Tilgar, P. Saag, G.
Lüütsepp.
Eesti Teadusfondi grant nr. ETF8376
"Käitumuslik ja
füsioloogiline stress pesahoidjate lindude kasvueas poegadel: selle
fenotüübiline plastilisus ja mõjud elukäigutunnustele".
Teema juht:
V. Tilgar. Teised
põhitäitjad: M. Mägi, P. Saag, K. Moks, K.
Koosa, M. Pitk, J. Lodjak.
Eesti
Teadusfondi grant nr. ETF8985 " Metsavärvuliste
toitmiskäitumine eri biotoopides ja kevadistes temperatuuri tingimustes: seosed
kliimamuutuse ja isiksusega". Teema juht: M. Mägi. Teised
põhitäitjad: R. Mänd, E. Rasmann, K. Koosa.
Eesti
Teadusfondi grant nr. ETF9051 „Suunisliigid
ökosüsteemses majandamises: kuluefektiivsed või kulukad?".
Teema juht:
A. Lõhmus. Teised põhitäitjad: P. Lõhmus, R.
Rannap, J. Elts, A. Kraut, L. Remm, K. Runnel, T. Torp.
Kraadiõppurite teadusteemad on ära toodud doktorantide ja magistrantide nimestikes.
KAITSTUD DOKTORITÖÖD 1992-2012
Pauli Saag 2012 “Natural
variation in plumage bacterial assemblages in two wild breeding
passerines”. Juh. R. Mänd, V. Tilgar.
Elin Sild 2011 “Oxidative defences
in immunological context: validation and application of assays for nitric oxide
production and oxidative burst in a wild passerine”. Juh.
P. Hõrak.
Riinu Rannap 2009 “Impacts of habitat loss and restoration on amphibian
populations”. Juh. A. Lõhmus.
Ulvi Karu 2008
“Antioxidant protection, carotenoids and coccidians in greenfinches
– assessment of the costs of immune activation and mechanisms of parasite
resistance in a passerine with carotenoid-based ornaments”. Juh. P. Hõrak.
Jaanus Remm 2008 “Tree-cavities in
forests: density, characteristics and occupancy by animals”. Juh. A. Lõhmus.
Priit Kilgas 2007 “Blood parameters as indicators of physiological
condition and skeletal development in great tits (Parus major): natural variation and application in the reproductive
ecology of birds”. Juh. R. Mänd.
Marko Mägi 2007 “The habitat-related variation of reproductive performance of
great tits in a deciduous-coniferous forest mosaic: looking for causes and
consequences”. Juh. R. Mänd.
Tatjana Krama 2007 “Mobbing behaviour in birds: costs and reciprocity based
cooperation”. Juh. I. Krams (Daugavpilsi
Ülikool), R. Mänd.
Toomas
Esperk 2006 "Larval instar as a key element of
insect growth schedules". Juh. T. Tammaru.
Lea Tummeleht 2006 "Physiological condition and immune function in great tits (Parus major L.): sources of variation
and trade-offs in relation to growth. Juh. P.
Hõrak.
Juhan Javoiš
2005 “The effects of experience on host
acceptance in ovipositing moths”. Juh. T.
Tammaru.
Lauri Saks 2004 “Immune function, parasites, and carotenoid-based
ornaments in greenfinches”. Juh. P.
Hõrak.
Asko Lõhmus
2003 “Habitat preferences and quality for
birds of prey: from principles to applications”. Juh.
R. Mänd.
Vallo Tilgar
2002 "Effect of calcium supplementation
on reproductive performance of the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and the Great Tit Parus major, breeding
in northern temperate forests". Juh. R.
Mänd.
Tiit Teder 2001 "Direct and indirect effects in host-parasitoid interactions:
ecological and evolutionary consequences ". Juh.
T. Tammaru.
Indrek Ots 1999 "Health state
indices of reproducing Great Tits (Parus major): sources of variation
and connections with life-history traits". Juh.
P. Hõrak.
Peeter
Hõrak 1995 "Pathways of selection
in avian reproduction: a functional framework and its application in a
population study of the Great Tit". Juh. R.
Mänd.
Urmas Tartes 1995 (eksternina)
"Respiration rhythms in insects".
KAITSTUD
TEADUSMAGISTRITÖÖD 1992-2007
(Teadusmagistriõppe programm on
nüüdseks lõppenud)
Elise Sonn 2007 “Rohevindi peamise koesobivuskompleksi varieeruvuse seos
koktsidioosiresistentsuse ja sulestiku värvusega”. Juh. P.
Hõrak.
Ulvi Karu 2004 “Eksperimentaalse koktsiidinakkuse
mõju rohevintide (Carduelis chloris) tervislikule seisundile ja
sulestiku värvusele”. Juh. P. Hõrak.
Jaanus Remm 2004 “Puuõõnsuste tihedus,
omadused ning asustatus loomade poolt eri tüüpi kaitsealustes ja
majandusmetsades”.
Juh. A. Lõhmus.
Triinu Mänd 2004 “Influence
of predation on the body size evolution in insects. Implications
of colour”. Juh.
T. Tammaru.
Priit Kilgas 2003
“Rasvatihase (Parus major) tervisenäitajate pesitsusaegne varieeruvus
pesakohtade liiaga heterogeenses elupaigakompleksis”. Juh. R. Mänd.
Siiri-Lii Sandre 2003 “Viljapuutupslase (Orgyia antiqua) kaitsekulutuste seosed
keha suuruse ja toidutaimega”. Juh. T. Tammaru, A. Vanatoa.
Rauno Veeroja 2003 “Põdralehmade kasv ja viljakus. Talviste
ilmastikutingimuste tähtsus kohortide vaheliste erinevuste ja
populatsioonidünaamika kujunemisel”. Juh. A. Kirk.
Dalial Freitak 2003 “Melanin based immune response in white cabbage butterfly (Pieris
brassicae L.): the energetics and possible trade-offs”. Juh. A. Vanatoa, I. Ots.
Tatjana Krama 2003 “Mobbing behaviour in birds”. Juh. I. Krams, R. Mänd.
Lauri Saks 2002
"Immuunparameetrid ja muud konditsiooniindeksid vangistuses peetavatel
rohevintidel: püsivus ajas, seos sulestiku värvusega ja reaktsioon
humoraalsele immuunväljakutsele". Juh. P. Hõrak.
Toomas Esperk 2002
"Kasvujärkude diskreetsuse mõju elukäigu parameetritele
putukatel". Juh. T. Tammaru.
Marko Mägi
2002 "Korduvpesitsus rasvatihasel kahes
erikvaliteedilises elupaigas". Juh. R. Mänd.
Helen Vellau 2002 "Karotinoididel baseeruv sulestiku värvus ja maternaalsed
mõjud rasvatihasel". Juh. P. Hõrak.
Juhan Javoish
2001 "Oviposition selectivity in insects:
causes and consequences" (Putukate munemisselektiivsus: põhjused ja tagajärjed). Juh. T.
Tammaru.
Lea Tegelmann
2001 "Leukotsüütsed
immuunparameetrid rasvatihase pesapoegadel: individuaalse varieeruvuse
põhjused ja tagajärjed". Juh. P. Hõrak.
Piret Kiristaja
2001 "Eesti metsade maismaateod: liigirikkus
ja arvukus". Juh. R. Mänd.
Sander Säde
2001 "Looteline sugude suhe ja kaksikute
määr põdral Eestis". Juh. A. Kirk.
Ott Koppa 2000 "Euroopa ilvese Lynx lynx toitumine Eestis". Juh.
H. Valdmann.
Mati Kose 1999 "Sexual selection for white tail spots in the Barn Swallow:
relationships with reproductive traits and importance of parasitism of the
feather eating lice". Juh. A.-P. Moller, R.
Mänd.
Asko Lõhmus 1999
"Regular fluctuations in Estonian raptor and owl populations, and
voles". Juh. R.
Mänd.
Mart Jüssi
1999 "Breeding habitat preference and
reproduction success of Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)".
Maano Aunapuu 1998 "Predators
in low arctic tundra ecosystem". Juh. L. Oksanen, R. Mänd.
Indrek Ots 1997
"Hematological health state indices of reproducing Great Tits:
Methodology, sources of natural variation and a response to brood size
manipulation". Juh. P. Hõrak.
Vallo Tilgar 1997 "Kaltsiumipuudus
kui ökoloogiline tegur metsavärvulistel". Juh. R. Mänd.
Jonne Kotta 1996 "Regression
between length and weight of Baltic Clam Macoma balthica (L.) (Mollusca) in relation to abiotic and biotic
characteristics of the habitat". Juh. H.
Kukk.
Tiit Teder 1995
"Genitaalide varieerumist piiravatest teguritest viiel perekonna Pimpla
liigil (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)". Juh. J. Viidalepp, K. Kull.
Alo Vanatoa 1995 "Hapnikuvõla tasumisest suure jahumardika (Tenebrio
molitor L.) valmikutel". Juh. U. Tartes.
Lauri Lutsar 1994
"Piusa koobastes talvituvate veelendlaste (Myotis daubentoni) ja
põhja-nahkhiirte (Eptesicus nilssoni) ellujäämuse
hinnangud aastatel 1976-1988". Juh. M. Masing, R. Mänd.
Üllar Rammul 1994
"Mittelendavate maismaaimetajate levikut mõjustavatest teguritest
Eesti meresaartel". Juh. M. Peil, R. Mänd.
Tiit Maran 1993
(eksternina) "The European Mink, Mustela lutreola - some aspects on
distribution and on relation with the American Mink, Mustela vison"
Urmas Tartes 1993 (eksternina)
"Hingamisrütmidest putukatel"
Kalev Rattiste 1993
(eksternina) "Populatsiooni taastootmine kalakajakal Larus canus"
Uudo Timm 1993
(eksternina) "Eesti saarte teriofauna eripärasusi"
Toomas Tammaru 1993
"Oviposition behaviour of the Autumnal Moth (Epirrita autumnata)
in relation to its outbreak population dynamics". Juh. E. Haukioja.
RAHVUSVAHELISED PUBLIKATSIOONID
Õppetooli teadlaste ja
üliõpilaste publikatsioonid rahvusvahelise levikuga
eelretsenseeritavates väljaannetes. Loendis on ainult niisugused publikatsioonid, mis
ilmusid või mille põhiline koostamine toimus ajal, mil nende
autorid töötasid või õppisid loomaökoloogia
õppetooli juures.
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Møller, A.P.;
Diaz, M.; Flensted-Jensen, E.; Grim, T.; Ibanez-Alamo, J.D.; Jokimäki, J.;
Mänd, R., Marko, G.;
Tryjanowski, P. 2012. High urban population density of birds reflects their
timing of urbanization. – Oecologia
(in press). DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2355-3
Lindenmayer, D.B.,
Franklin, J.F., Lõhmus, A.,
Baker, S., Bauhus, J., Beese, W., Brodie, A., Kiehl, B., Kouki, J., Messier,
C., Neyland, M., Palik, B., Sverdrup-Thygeson, A., Volney, J., Wayne, A. &
Gustafsson, L. 2012. A major shift to retention forestry can help resolve
global forest sustainability
issues. – Conservation
Letters (in press).
Elts,
J., Lõhmus, A. 2012. What do we lack in agri-environment schemes?
The case of farmland birds in Estonia. – Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (in press).
Krams,
I., Suraka, V., Rattiste, K.,
Āboliņš-Ābols, M., Krama, T., Rantala, M.J., Mierauskas, P.,
Cīrule, D. & Saks, L.
Comparative analysis reveals a possible immunity-related absence of blood
parasites in common gulls (Larus canus) and black-headed gulls (Chroicocephalus
ridibundus). – Journal of
Ornithology (in press).
Krams,
I., Suraka, V., Cīrule,
D., Hukkanen, M., Tummeleht, L.,
Mierauskas, P., Rytkönen, S., Rantala, M.J., Vrublevska, J., Orell, M.
& Krama, T. A comparison of
microscopy and PCR diagnostics for low intensity infections of haemosporidian
parasites in the Siberian tit Poecile
cinctus. – Annales Zoologici
Fennici (in press).
Sepp,
T., Karu, U., Blount, J., Sild, E.,
Männiste, M., Hõrak, P. Coccidian infection causes oxidative
damage in greenfinches. – PLoS ONE
(in press).
Daukste, J., Kivleniece, I.,Krama, T.,
Rantala, M.J., Krams, I. 2012.
Senescence in immune priming and attractiveness in a beetle. – Journal of Evolutionary Biology (in press).
Lõhmus, P., Leppik, E.,
Motiejunaite, J., Suija, A. & Lõhmus,
A. 2012. Old selectively cut forests can host rich lichen communities -
lessons from an exhaustive field survey. – Nova Hedwigia (in press).
Gustafsson, L., Baker, S., Bauhus, J.,
Beese, W., Brodie, A., Kouki, J., Lindenmayer, D.B., Lõhmus, A., Messier, C., Neyland, M., Palik, B.,
Sverdrup-Thygeson, A., Volney, J., Wayne, A. & Franklin, J.F. 2012.
Retention forestry to maintain multifunctional forests: a world perspective.
– BioScience (in press).
Sepp, T., Sild, E., Blount, J., Männiste, M., Karu, U. &
Hõrak, P. 2012. Individual consistency and covariation of measures
of oxidative status in greenfinches. – Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 85 (in press).
Burger, C.,
Belskii, E., Eeva, T., Laaksonen, T., Mägi,
M., Mänd, R., Qvarnström, A., Slagsvold, T., Veen, T., Visser,
M.E., Wiebe, K.L., Wiley, C., Wright, J., Both, C. 2012. Climate change, breeding date and nestling
diet: how temperature differentially affects seasonal changes in pied
flycatcher diet depending on habitat variation. – Journal of Animal Ecology (in press).
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01968.x
Krams,
I., Vrublevska, J., Cirule, D., Kivleniece, I., Krama, T., Rantala, M.J., Sild, E., Hõrak, P. 2012.
Heterophil/lymphocyte ratios predict the magnitude of humoral immune response
to a novel antigen in great tits (Parus major). – Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A (in press). DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.12.018
Krams, I., Krama, T., Freeberg, T.M., Kullberg, C., Lucas, J.R. 2012. Linking social
complexity and vocal complexity: a Parid perspective. – Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
Society B-Biological Sciences (in press).
Roff, D.A., Prokkola, J.M., Krams, I., Rantala., M.J. 2012.
There’s more than one way to skin a G
matrix. – Journal of Evolutionary
Biology (in press).
Rantala, M.J., Moore, F.R., Skrinda, I.,
Krama, T., Kivleniece, I., Kecko, S., Krams,
I. 2012. Evidence for the stress-linked
immunocompetence handicap hypothesis in humans.
– Nature Communications 3: 694.
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1696
Krams,
I., Daukste, J., Kivleniece, I., Brumelis, G., Cibulskis, R.,
Abolins-Abols, M., Rantala, M.J., Mierauskas, P., Krama, T. 2012. Drought-induced
positive feedback in xylophagous insects: easier invasion of Scots pine leading
to greater investment in immunity of emerging individuals. - Forest Ecology and Management 270: 147-152.
Kilgas, P., Saag, P., Mägi, M., Edenberg, M., Tilgar, V.,
Mänd, R. 2012. Variation in assemblages of feather
bacteria in relation to plumage color in female great tits. – Condor (in press).
Pölkki, M., Krams, I., Kangassalo, K.,
Rantala, M.J. 2012. Inbreeding affects on the attractiveness of sexual signalling only
in male Tenebrio molitor. – Biology Letters (in press).
Rannap,
R., Lõhmus, A., Linnamägi,
M. 2012. Geographic variation in habitat preferences of two coexisting newt
species in Europe. – Acta Zoologica
Academiae Scientarium Hungaricae 58: 73-90.
Kilgas, P., Saag, P., Mägi, M., Tilgar, V., Mänd, R. 2012. Plumage
bacterial load increases during nest-building in a passerine bird. –
Journal of Ornithology (in press).
DOI: 10.1007/s10336-011-0801-3
Saag, P., Kilgas, P., Mägi, M., Tilgar, V.,
Mänd, R. 2012. Inter-annual
and body topographic consistency in the plumage bacterial load of Great Tits. –
Journal of
Field Ornithology 83: 94-100. DOI: 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00359.x
Krama,
T., Bērziņš, A., Rytkönen, S., Rantala, M.J.,
Wheatcroft, D., Krams, I. 2012.
Linking antipredator behaviour and habitat quality: group effect in nest
defence of a passerine bird. – Acta
Ethologica 15: 127-134.
Mägi,
M., Mänd, R., Konovalov, A., Tilgar, V., Reynolds, S.J. 2012. Testing the structural-function hypothesis of eggshell maculation in
great tits: an experimental approach. –
Journal of Ornithology (in press).
Tilgar,
V., Moks, K., Saag, P. 2012. Predator-induced stress changes parental
feeding behavior in pied flycatchers. – Behavioral Ecology (in press). DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arq164
Lõhmus,
A., Lõhmus, P. 2011. Old-forest species: the importance of specific
substrata vs. stand continuity in the case of calicioid fungi. – Silva Fennica 45: 1015-1039.
Saag P., Mänd R.,
Tilgar V., Kilgas P., Mägi M., Rasmann E. 2011.
Plumage bacterial load is related to species, sex, biometrics
and fledging success in co-occurring cavity-breeding passerines. –
Acta Ornithologica 46:
191-201.
Ruuskanen, S., Siitari, H., Eeva, T.,
Belskii, E., Järvinen, A., Kerimov, A., Krams, I.,
Cīrule, D., Krama, T., Vrublevska, J., Rantala, M.J. & Krams,
I. 2011. A rapid effect of
handling on counts of white blood cells in a wintering passerine bird: a more
practical measure of stress? – Journal of Ornithology
153: 161-166.
Sild,
E., Sepp, T., Männiste, M. & Hõrak,
P. 2011. Carotenoid intake does not affect immune-stimulated oxidative
burst in greenfinches. – Journal of
Experimental Biology 214: 3467-3473.
Männiste,
M. & Hõrak, P. 2011.
Effects of immune activation and glucocorticoid administration on feather
growth in greenfinches. – Journal
of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology 315:
527-535.
Rosenvald, R., Lõhmus, A., Kraut, A., Remm, L. 2011. Bird communities in hemiboreal old-growth forests:
The roles of food supply, stand structure, and site
type. – Forest Ecology
and Management 262: 1541-1550.
Krams, I.., Vrublevska, J.,
Cirule, D. & Krama, T. 2011.
Extremely low ambient temperature affects haematological parameters and body condition
in wintering Great Tits (Parus major).
– Journal of Ornithology 152: 889-895. DOI: 10.1007/s10336-011-0672-7
Suislepp, K., Rannap, R., Lõhmus, A. 2011. Impacts of
artificial drainage on amphibian breeding sites in hemiboreal forests. – Forest Ecology and Management 262:
1078-1083.
Krams, I., Daukste, J. ,
Kivleniece, I., Krama, T., Rantala, M.J.. 2011. Overwinter
survival depends on immune defence and body length in male Aquarius najas water striders. – Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 140: 45-51.
Remm, J., Lõhmus, A. 2011. Tree cavities in forests - the broad distribution
pattern of a keystone structure for biodiversity. – Forest Ecology and Management 262: 579-585. DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.028
Lõhmus,
A. 2011. Three-year periodicity in historical raptor-persecution data: an
indication of vole cycles? – Estonian
Journal of Ecology 60: 155-164.
Sild,
E. , Sepp, T., Hõrak, P. 2011. Behavioural trait covaries
with immune responsiveness in a wild passerine. – Brain, Behavior and Immunity 25: 1349-1354. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.03.020
Lõhmus,
A., Kull, T. 2011. Orchid abundance in hemiboreal forests - stand-scale
effects of clear-cutting, green-tree retention, and artificial drainage.
– Canadian Journal of Forest
Research 41: 1352-1358. DOI: 10.1139/X11-047
Tuule, E., Tuule, A., Lõhmus, A. 2011. Fifty-year
dynamics in a temperate raptor assemblage. – Estonian Journal of Ecology 60: 132-142.
Arlet,
M.E., Kaasik, A., Molleman, F., Isbell, L., Carey, J.R., Mänd, R. 2011. Social factors increase
fecal testosterone levels in wild male gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena). – Hormones and Behavior 59: 605-611.
Lõhmus,
A. 2011. Silviculture as a disturbance regime: the effects of
clear-cutting, planting and thinning on polypore communities in mixed forests.
– Journal of Forest Research
16: 1-9. DOI: 10.1007/s10310-011-0256-7
Lõhmus,
A. 2011. Aspen-inhabiting Aphyllophoroid fungi in a managed forest landscape
in Estonia. – Scandinavian Journal
of Forest Research 26: 212-220. DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2011.558850
Lõhmus, M., Sild, E., Hõrak, P., Björklund, M. 2011. Effects of
chronic leptin administration on nitric oxide production and immune responsiveness
of greenfinches. – Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology A 158: 560-565.
Sepp,
T., Karu, U., Sild, E., Männiste, M., Hõrak, P. 2011.
Effects of carotenoids, immune activation and immune suppression on the
intensity of chronic coccidiosis in greenfinches. – Experimental Parasitology 127: 651-657.
Saag,
P., Tilgar, V., Mänd, R., Kilgas, P., Mägi, M. 2011. Plumage
bacterial assemblages in a breeding wild passerine: relationships with
ecological factors and body condition. – Microbial Ecology 61: 740-749.
Eeva, T., Ruuskanen, S., Salminen, J.-P.,
Belskii, E., Järvinen, A., Kerimov, A., Korpimäki, E., Krams, I., Moreno, J., Morosinotto, C.,
Mänd, R., Orell, M.,
Qvarnström, A., Siitari, H.,
Slater, F.M., Tilgar, V.,
Visser, M.E., Winkel, W., Zang, H. & Laaksonen, T. 2011. Geographical
trends in the yolk carotenoid composition of the pied flycatcher (Ficedula
hypoleuca). – Oecologia 165:
277-287.
Lõhmus,
P., Turja, K., Lõhmus, A.
2010. Lichen communities on treefall
mounds depend more on root-plate than stand characteristics. –
Calabuig, C., Ferrer, M., Muriel, R., Tilgar, V. 2010.
Plasma alkaline phosphatase as a sensitive indicator of age and skeletal
development in wild coscoroba swans. –
Wildlife Research 37: 504-511.
Sild, E. & Hõrak, P. 2010. Assessment
of oxidative burst in avian whole blood samples: validation and application of a
chemiluminescence method
based on Pholasin. –
Behavioral
Ecology and Sociobiology 64: 2065-2076. DOI: 10.1007/s00265-010-1076-z
McGraw,
K.J., Cohen, A.A., Costantini, D. & Hõrak,
P. 2010. The ecological significance of antioxidants and oxidative stress:
a marriage between mechanistic and functional perspectives. – Functional Ecology 24: 947-949. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01772.x
Kilgas, P. Tilgar, V., Külavee,
R., Saks, L., Hõrak, P. & Mänd, R.
2010. Antioxidant protection, immune
function and growth of nestling great tits Parus major in relation to
within-brood hierarchy. – Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology B 157: 288-293.
Hõrak, P. & Cohen, A. 2010.
How to measure oxidative stress in an ecological context: methodological and
statistical issues. – Functional Ecology 24: 960-970. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01755.x
Lambrechts,
M. M.; Adriaensen, F.; Ardia, D. R.; Artemyev, A. V.; Atienzar, F.; Banbura,
J.; Barba, E.; Bouvier, J.-C.; Camprodon, J.; Cooper, C. B.; Dawson, R.D.;
Eens, M.; Eeva, T.; Faivre, B.; Garamszegi, L. Z.; Goodenough, A. E.; Gosler,
A. G.; Gregoire, A.; Griffith, S. C.; Gustafsson, L.; Johnson, L. S.; Kania, W.;
Keiss, O.; Llambias, P. E.; Mainwaring, M. C.; Mänd, R.; Massa,B.; Mazgajski, T. D.; Moller, A. P.; Moreno,
J.; Naef-Daenzer, B.; Nilsson, J.-A.; Norte, A. C.; Orell, M.; Otter, K. A.;
Park, C. R.; Perrins, C. M.; Pinowski, J.; Porkert, J.; Potti, J.; Remes, V.;
Richner, H.; Rytkönen, S.; Shiao, M.-T.; Silverin, B.; Slagsvold, T.;
Smith, H. G.; Sorace, A.; Stenning, M. J.; Stewart, I.; Thompson, C. F.;
Tryjanowski, P.; Török, J.; van Noordwijk, A. J.; Winkler, D. W.
& Ziane, N. 2010. The design of artificial nestboxes for the study of
secondary hole-nesting birds: a review of methodological inconsistencies and
potential biases. – Acta Ornithologica 45: 1-26. DOI: 10.3161/000164510X516047
Lõhmus, A. & Kraut, A. 2010.
Stand structure of hemiboreal old-growth forests: characteristic features,
variation among site types, and a comparison with FSC-certified mature stands
in
Sisask, E, Mänd,
R., Mägi, M.
& Tilgar, V. 2010.
Parental provisioning behaviour in Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca is well adjusted to local conditions in a
mosaic of deciduous and coniferous habitat. – Bird Study 57:447-457.
Hõrak, P., Sild, E.,
Kilk, K., Sepp, T., Soomets, U.
2010. Oxidative stress and information
content of black and yellow plumage coloration: an experiment with
greenfinches. – Journal of
Experimental Biology 213: 2225-2233. DOI: 10.1242/jeb.042085.
Tilgar, V., Saag, P.,
Külavee, R., Mänd, R. 2010.
Behavioural and physiological responses of nestling pied flycatchers to
acoustic stress. – Hormones and Behavior 57: 481-487. DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.02.006.
Lõhmus, A.
& Lõhmus, P. 2010. Epiphyte communities on the trunks of retention
trees stabilise in five years after timber harvesting, but remain threatened
due to tree loss. – Biological Conservation 143: 891-898.
DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.036.
Lozano, G. A. 2010. Evolutionary
explanations in medicine: how do they differ and how to benefit from them.
– Medical Hypotheses 74: 746-749.
Sepp, T., Sild, E. & Hõrak, P. 2010. Hematological condition indices in greenfinches:
effects of captivity and diurnal variation. –
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology
83: 276-282.
DOI: 10.1086/648580.
Tilgar, V., Mänd,
R., Kilgas, P.
& Mägi, M. 2010.
Long-term consequences of early ontogeny in free-living great
tits Parus major. – Journal of Ornithology 151: 61-68.
Krams, I.,
Bērziņš, A., Krama, T., Wheatcroft, D., Igaune, K. &
Rantala, M. J. 2010. The increased risk of predation enhances
cooperation. – Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277: 513-518. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1614.
Krams, I., Cirule, D.,
Suraka, V., Krama, T., Rantala, M. R. & Ramey, G. 2010. Fattening
strategies of wintering great tits support the optimal body mass hypothesis
under conditions of extremely low ambient temperature. – Functional Ecology 24: 172 – 177. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01628.x).
Veeroja, R., Kirk, A., Tilgar, V., Säde, S., Kreitsberg,
M. & Tõnisson, J. 2010.
Conception date affects litter type and foetal sex ratio in female moose in
2009
Tilgar, V., Saag, P. & Moks, K. 2009. Development of stress
response in nestling pied flycatchers. - Journal
of Comparative Physiology A - Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral
Physiology 195: 799 -
803.
Lozano, G. A. 2009. The
other side of the coin: intersexual selection and the expression of emotions to
signal youth or maturity. – Behavioral
and Brain Sciences 32: 398 –
399. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X0999015X.
Lozano, G. A. 2009. Multiple
cues in mate selection: the sexual interference hypothesis. – BioScience Hypotheses 2: 37 –
42.
Lehtonen,
P.K., Laaksonen, T., Artemyev, A.V., Belskii, E., Both, C., Bureš, S.,
Bushuev, A.V., Krams, I., Moreno, J., Mägi,
M., Nord, A., Potti, J., Ravussin, P.-A., Sirkiä, P.M., Sætre,
G.-P. & Primmer, C.R. 2009. Geographic patterns of genetic differentiation
and plumage colour variation are different in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca). - Molecular Ecology 18: 4463 – 4476.
Rannap, R., Lõhmus, A. &
Briggs, L. 2009. Restoring ponds for amphibians: a success story. – Hydrobiologia 634: 87-95. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-009-9884-8
Lõhmus, A. 2009. Factors of
species-specific detectability in conservation assessments of poorly studied
taxa: the case of polypore fungi. - Biological
Conservation 142: 2792-2796. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.05.022
Rannap, R., Lõhmus, A. & Briggs, L. 2009. Niche position, but not
niche breadth, differs in two coexisting amphibians having contrasting trends
in Europe. - Diversity and Distributions
15: 692-700.
Jairus, K., Lõhmus, A., Lõhmus, P. 2009. Lichen
acclimatization on retention trees: a conservation physiology lesson. – Journal of Applied Ecology 46:
930-936. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01672.x
Mägi, M., Mänd, R., Tamm, H.,
Sisask, E., Kilgas, P. & Tilgar,
V. 2009. Low reproductive success of great tits in the preferred habitat: a
role of food availability. – Ecoscience
16: 145–157. DOI: 10.2980/16-2-3215
Mänd, R., Leivits, A.; Leivits, M.
& Rodenhouse, N.L. 2009. Provision of nest-boxes raises the breeding
density of Great Tits Parus major
equally in coniferous and deciduous woodland. – Ibis 151: 487-492. DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00929.x
Sild, E. & Hõrak, P. 2009. Nitric oxide production: an easily
measurable condition index for vertebrates. - Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 63: 959 – 966.
Sarv, T. & Hõrak, P. 2009. Phytohaemagglutinin injection has a long-lasting
effect on immune cells. - Journal of
Avian Biology 40: 569-571.
Tilgar, V. & Kikas, K. 2009. Is parental risk taking negatively related to the
level of brood reduction? An experiment with pied flycatchers. - Animal Behaviour 77: 43 – 47.
Van
den Steen, E.; Pinxten, R.; Jaspers, V.L.B.; Covaci, A.; Barba, E.; Carere, C.;
Cichon, M.; Dubiec, A.; Eeva, T.; Heeb, P.; Kempenaers, B.; Lifjeld, J.T.,
Lubjuhn, T.; Mänd, R.; Massa, B.;
Nilsson, J.-A.; Norte, A.C.; Orell, M.; Podzemny, P.; Sanz, J.J.; Senar, J.C.;
Soler, J.J.; Sorace, A.; Török, J.; Visser, M.E.; Winkel, W. &
Eens, M. 2009. Brominated flame retardants and organochlorines in the European
environment using great tit eggs as a biomonitoring tool. - Environment International 35: 310
– 317.
Väli,
Ü., Lõhmus, A. & Sellis, U. 2009. The Greater
Spotted Eagle in
Lõhmus, P. & Lõhmus, A. 2009. The
importance of representative inventories for lichen conservation assessments:
the case of Cladonia norvegica and C. parasitica. – Lichenologist 41: 61 – 67.
Kesler,
M., Vetemaa, M., Saks, L. &
Saat, T. 2009. Occurrence of Ligula
colymbi (Cestoda) in spined loach (Cobitis
taenia) and its effects on reproduction and growth of the host. – Boreal Environment Research 14: 932 –
936.
Laaksonen,
T., Negro, J. J.,Lyytinen, S., Valkama, J., Ots, I. & Korpimaki, E. 2008. Effects of Experimental Brood
Size Manipulation and Gender on Carotenoid Levels of Eurasian Kestrels Falco tinnunculus. – Plos ONE 3 (6): article # e2374. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002374.
Karu, U., Saks, L. & Hõrak, P. 2008. Carotenoid-based
plumage coloration is not affected by vitamin E supplementation in male
greenfinches. - Ecological Research
23: 931 – 935.
Remm, J., Lõhmus, A. &
Rosenvald, R. 2008. Density and diversity of hole-nesting
passerines: dependence on the characteristics of cavities. - Acta Ornithologica 43: 83-91.
Rosenvald, R., Lõhmus, A. & Kiviste, A. 2008. Preadaptation
and spatial effects on retention-tree survival in cut areas in Estonia. - Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38:
2616 – 2625.
Pehlak, H. & Lõhmus, A. 2008. An
artificial nest experiment indicates equal nesting success of waders in coastal
meadows and mires. – Ornis Fennica 85: 66-71.
Veeroja, R., Tilgar, V., Kirk, A. &
Tõnisson, J. 2008. Climatic effects on life-history traits of
moose in Estonia.
- Oecologia 154: 703-713.
Tilgar, V., Kilgas, P., Viitak, A.
& Reynolds, S. J. 2008. The rate of bone mineralization in birds is
directly related to alkaline phosphatase activity. –Physiological and
Biochemical Zoology 81: 106-111.
Tilgar, V., Kilgas, P., Mägi, M.
& Mänd, R. 2008.
Age-related changes in the activity of bone alkaline phosphatase and its
application as a marker of pre-fledging maturity of nestlings in wild
passerines. – Auk 125: 456-460.
Treinys,
R., Lõhmus, A., Stonćius, D., Skuja, S., Drobelis, E.,
Šablevićius, B., Rumbutis, S., Dementavićius, D., Naruševićius,
V., Petraška, A., Augutis, D. 2008. At the border of ecological change: status and nest sites of the
Lithuanian black stork Ciconia nigra population 2000–2006 vs.
1976–1992. - Journal of Ornithology 149: 75 - 81. DOI: 10.1007/s10336-007-0220-7.
Rosenvald, R. & Lõhmus, A. 2008. For what, when, and where is
green-tree retention better than clear-cutting? A review of
the biodiversity aspects. -
Krams, I., Krama T., Igaune, K. & Mänd,
R. 2008. Experimental evidence of reciprocal altruism in the pied flycatcher. - Behavioral Ecology and
Sociobiology 62: 599-605. DOI: 10.1007/s00265-007-0484-1.
Lõhmus, A. & Lõhmus, P. 2008.
First-generation forests are not necessarily worse than managed long-term
forests for lichens and bryophytes. - Restoration Ecology 16: 231-239. DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00266.x.
Kilgas, P., Tilgar, V., Mägi, M. &
Mänd, R. 2007. Physiological condition of incubating and
brood rearing female Great Tits Parus
major in two contrasting habitats. - Acta
Ornithologica 42: 129-136.
Saag, P., Paaver, T.
&Väli, Ü. 2007. Lack of between- and within-species isoenzyme
variability in Aquila eagles (Aves:
Accipitriformes). - Biochemical
Systematics and Ecology 36: 774-776. DOI:10.1016/j.bse.2007.06.007.
Rosenvald, R. & Lõhmus, A. 2007. Breeding
birds in hemiboreal clear-cuts: tree retention effects in relation to site
type. – Forestry 80: 503-516. DOI: 10.1093/forestry/cpm027.
Hõrak, P., Saks, L., Zilmer, M., Karu, U. & Zilmer, K.
2007. Do dietary antioxidants alleviate the cost of immune
activation? An experiment with greenfinches. - American
Naturalist 170: 625-635. DOI: 10.1086/521232.
Karu, U., Saks, L., Hõrak, P. 2007. Carotenoid coloration in
greenfinches is individually consistent irrespective of foraging ability. - Physiological
and Biochemical Zoology 80: 663-670.
Krams, I., Krama, T., Igaune, K. & Mänd, R. 2007. Long-lasting
mobbing of the pied flycatcher increases the risk of nest predation. - Behavioral Ecology 18:
1082-1084. DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arm079).
Mänd T., Tammaru T., Mappes J. 2007. Size dependent predation risk in cryptic and conspicuous insects.
- Evolutionary Ecology 21: 485-498. DOI: 10.1007/s10682-006-9130-z.
Rannap, R., Lõhmus, A. &
Jakobson, K. 2007. Consequences of coastal
meadow degradation: the case of the natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) in
Lõhmus, A., Lõhmus, P. & Vellak, K. 2007.
Substratum diversity
explains landscape-scale covariation in the species richness of bryophytes and
lichens. – Biological Conservation 135: 405-414. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.10.015.
Mänd, R., Tilgar, V., Kilgas,
P. & Mägi, M.
2007. Manipulation
of laying effort reveals habitat-specific variation in egg production
constraints in great tits (Parus major). – Journal of
Ornithology 148: 91-97.
Meylaers, K.;
Freitak, D.; Schoofs, L. 2007. Immunocompetence of Galleria mellonella: Sex-
and stage-specific differences and the physiological cost of mounting an immune
response during metamorphosis. - Journal
of Insect Physiology 53: 146 – 156.
2006
Hõrak, P., Zilmer, M., Saks, L., Ots, I., Karu,
U. & Zilmer, K. 2006. Antioxidant protection, carotenoids, and the
costs of immune challenge in greenfinches. - Journal of Experimental Biology 209: 4329-4338.
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.02502.
Tummeleht,
L., Mägi, M., Kilgas, P., Mänd, R. & Hõrak, P.
2006. Antioxidant protection and plasma carotenoids of
incubating great tits (Parus major L.) in relation to health state and
breeding conditions. - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C 144: 166-172. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.08.004.
Hõrak, P., Tummeleht, L. & Talvik, H. 2006. Predictors and
markers of resistance to neutropic nematode infection in rodent host.
– Parasitology Research 98: 396-402.
Hõrak, P., Tummeleht, L. & Talvik, H. 2006. Predator threat,
copulation effort, and immunity in male rats. - Journal of Zoology
268: 9-16.
Hõrak, P., Saks, L., Karu, U. & Ots,
Remm, J., Lõhmus, A. & Remm, K. 2006. Tree cavities in riverine forests:
what determines their occurrence and use by hole-nesting passerines?
Krams, I.,
Krama, T. & Igaune, K. 2006. Mobbing behaviour:
reciprocity-based cooperation in the breeding pied flycatcher Ficedula
hypoleuca. – Ibis 148: 5-54.
Krams, I.,
Krama, T. & Igaune, K. 2006. Alarm calls of wintering great tits
Parus major: warning of mate, reciprocal altruism or a message to the
predator? - Journal of Avian Biology
37: 131-136.
Kilgas, P., Tilgar, V. & Mänd, R. 2006. Hematological health state indices
predict local survival in a small passerine bird, the great tit (Parus major).
- Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 79: 565-572.
Lõhmus, A. 2006. Nest tree and nest stand
characteristics of forest-dwelling raptors in east-central
Pehlak, H., Lõhmus,
A., Kuresoo, A. & Luigujõe, L. 2006. Land-based census of wintering
waterfowl: reliability and conservation implications. - Waterbirds 29:
76-80.
Tilgar, V. & Mänd, R. 2006. Sibling growth patterns in great
tits: does increased selection on last-hatched chicks favour an asynchronous
hatching strategy? – Evolutionary Ecology 20: 217-234. DOI: 10.1007/s10682-005-5877-x.
Kilgas, P., Mänd, R.,
Mägi, M. & Tilgar, V. 2006. Hematological
parameters in brood-rearing great tits in relation to habitat, multiple breeding
and sex. – Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology A144: 224-231. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.02.038.
Saks, L., Karu, U., Ots & I. Hõrak, P. 2006. Do standard measures of
immunocompetence reflect parasite resistance? The case of
greenfinch coccidiosis. Functional Ecology 20: 75-82. DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01068.x.
Kokko, H. & Ots,
Lõhmus, P., Rosenvald, R. & Lõhmus,
A. 2006.
Effectiveness of solitary retention trees for conserving epiphytes:
differential short-term responses of bryophytes and lichens. Canadian
Journal of
Møller,
A.P, Chabi, Y., Cuervo, J.J., de Lope, F., Kilpimaa, J., Kose, M.,
Matyasiak, P., Pap, P.L., Saino, N., Sakraoui, R., Schifferli, L. & von
Hirschheydt. 2006. An analysis of continent-wide patterns of sexual
selection in a passerine bird. – Evolution 60: 856–868.
2005
Krama, T. & Krams, I. 2005. Cost of mobbing
call to breeding pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca. – Behavioral
Ecology 16: 37-40.
Teder, T. & Tammaru, T. 2005. Sexual size dimorphism within
species increases with body size in insects. - Oikos 108: 321-334.
Lõhmus, A. & Väli, Ü. 2005. Habitat use by
the vulnerable greater spotted eagle Aquila clanga interbreeding with
the lesser spotted eagle A. pomarina in Estonia. – Oryx
39: 170-177.
Lõhmus, A. & Remm, J. 2005. Nest quality limits the number of
hole-nesting passerines in their natural cavity-rich habitat. – Acta
Oecologica 27: 125-128.
Mänd, R., Tilgar, V., Lõhmus, A., Leivits, A. 2005. Providing nest boxes for
hole-nesting birds – does habitat matter? – Biodiversity and
Conservation 14: 1823-1840.
Lõhmus, A., Sellis, U. & Rosenvald, R.
2005. Have
recent changes in forest structure reduced the Estonian black stork Ciconia
nigra population. – Biodiversity and Conservation 14:
1421-1432.
Tilgar, V., Mänd, R., Kilgas,
P. & Reynolds,
S.J. 2005. Chick
development in free-living great tits Parus major in relation to calcium
availability and egg composition. - Physiological and Biochemical Zoology
78: 590-598.
Ots,
Lõhmus, A. & Lõhmus, P. 2005.Coarse woody debris in mid-aged stands:
abandoned agricultural versus long-term forest land. - Canadian Journal of
Eeva, T., Hasselquist, D., Langefors, A., Tummeleht, L., Nikinmaa,
M. & Ilmonen, P. 2005. Pollution-related effects on immune function
and stress in a free-living population of pied flycatcher. - Journal of Avian Biology 36: 405-412.
Mänd, R., Tilgar, V. & Møller, A.P. 2005. Negative relationship
between plumage color and breeding output in female great tits Parus major.
– Evolutionary Ecology Research 7: 1013-1023.
Javoiš, J., Tammaru, T. & Käär, M. 2005. Oviposition in an eruptive moth
species, Yponomeuta evonymellus, is insensitive to the population density
experienced during larval period. - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 115: 379-386.
Lõhmus, A. 2005. Are timber harvesting and
conservation of forest-dwelling raptors always mutually exclusive? – Animal
Conservation 8: 443-450.
Lõhmus, A., Lõhmus, P., Remm, J.
& Vellak, K. 2005. Old-growth structural elements in a strict reserve and commercial
forest landscape in
Tammaru, T. & Javoish, J. 2005. When being alive implies being
safe: variation in mortality rates can cause oviposition selectivity to
increase with age. - Oikos 111: 649-653.
Freitak, D., Vanatoa, A., Ots, I. & Rantala, M.J. 2005. Formation of melanin-based wing
patterns is influenced by condition and immune challenge in Pieris brassicae
- Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 116:
237-243.
2004
Hõrak, P., Surai, P.F., Ots,
I. & Møller, A.P. 2004. Fat soluble antioxidants in
brood-rearing great tits: relations to health and appearance. - Journal of
Avian Biology 35: 63-70.
Tilgar, V., Mänd, R., Ots, I., Mägi, M., Kilgas, P., Reynolds,
S. J. 2004. Calcium
availability affects bone growth in nestlings of free-living great tits Parus
major, as detected by plasma alkaline phosphatase. – Journal of
Zoology 263: 269-274.
Lõhmus, A. 2004. Raptor habitat studies – the state of the art. - In:
Chancellor, R.D. & Meyburg, B.-U. (eds.), Raptors Worldwide. WWGBP;
Berlin, London & Paris. Pp. 279-296.
Väli, Ü. & Lõhmus, A.
2004. Nestling characteristics and identification of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina),
greater spotted eagle (A. clanga), and their
hybrids. – Journal of Ornithology 145: 256-263.
Lõhmus,
A. 2004. Breeding bird communities in two Estonian forest landscapes: are managed
areas lost for biodiversity conservation? - Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of
Sciences, Biology/ Ecology 53: 52-67.
Tilgar, V., Ots,
Esperk, T.,
Tammaru, T. 2004. Does the "investment
principle" model explain moulting strategies in Lepidopteran larvae? - Physiological
Entomology 29: 56-66.
Lõhmus,
A. & Väli, Ü. 2004. The effects of
habitat quality and female size on the productivity of the Lesser Spotted Eagle
Aquila pomarina in the light of the alternative prey hypothesis.
- Journal of Avian Biology 35: 455-464.
Javoiš, J. & Tammaru, T. 2004. Reproductive decisions are
sensitive to cues of life expectancy: the case of a moth. – Animal
Behaviour 68: 249-255.
Hõrak P., Saks L., Karu U.,
Ots I., Surai P.F.,
& McGraw, K.J. 2004. How coccidian parasites affect health and appearance
of greenfinches. - Journal of Animal Ecology 73: 935-947.
Tammaru, T., Nylin, S., Ruohomäki, K.
& Gotthard, K. 2004. Compensatory responses in lepidopteran larvae: a test of growth rate
maximisation. - Oikos, 107: 352-362.
Barbosa, P., Tammaru,
T. & Caldas, A. 2004. Is parasitism of numerically dominant species in Macrolepidopteran
assemblages independent of their abundance? - Basic and Applied Ecology,
5: 357-366.
Väli, Ü., Treinys, R. & Lõhmus,
A. 2004. Geographic variation in macrohabitat use and preferences of the
Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina. - Ibis 146: 661-671.
Reynolds, S.J., Mänd,
R. & Tilgar, V. 2004. Calcium supplementation of breeding birds:
directions for future research. – Ibis 146: 601-614.
Angelstam, P., Roberge, J.-M.,
Lõhmus, A., Bergmanis, M., Brazaitis, G., Dönz-Breuss, M.,
Edenius, L., Kosinski, Z., Kurlavičius, P., Larmanis, V., Lukins, M.,
Mikusinski, G., Račinskis, E., Stradzs, M. & Tryjanowski, P. 2004. Habitat modelling as a tool for landscape-scale conservation
– a review of parameters for focal forest birds. - Ecological
Bulletins 51: 427-453.
Lõhmus, A., Kohv, K., Palo, A., Viilma, K.
2004. Loss of old-growth, and the minimum need for
strictly protected forests in
Mägi, M. & Mänd, R. 2004. Habitat
differences in allocation of eggs between successive breeding attempts in great
tits (Parus major). – Ecoscience 11: 361-369.
2003
Mänd, R., Tilgar, V. 2003. Does supplementary calcium
reduce the cost of reproduction in the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca?
– Ibis 145:
67-77.
Hõrak, P. 2003. When to pay the cost of
reproduction? A brood size manipulation experiment in great
tits (Parus major). – Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
54: 105-112.
Lõhmus,
A. 2003. Do Ural Owls suffer from the lack
of nest sites in managed forests? - Biological Conservation 110: 1-9.
Pahkala, M., Merilä, J., Ots,
Saks, L., Ots,
I. & Hõrak, P. 2003. Carotenoid-based plumage coloration of male greenfinches reflects
health and immunocompetence. – Oecologia 134: 301-307.
Hõrak, P., Saks, L., Ots,
Hõrak, P. & Saks, L. 2003. Animal allure and health linked by
plant pigments. – BioEssays 25: 746-747.
Teder, T. & Tammaru,
T. 2003.
Short-term indirect interactions between two moth species mediated by shared
parasitoids: the benefit of being scarce. - European Journal of Entomology
100: 323-328.
Cassel,
A.,Tammaru, T. 2003. Allozyme variability in central, peripheral and
isolated populations of the scarce heath (Coenonympha hero: Lepidoptera,
Nymphalidae); implications for conservation. - Conservation Genetics 4:
83-93.
Lõhmus,
A. 2003. Are certain habitats better every year? A review and a case study
on birds of prey. - Ecography 26: 545-552.
Freitak, D., Ots, I., Vanatoa, A. & Hõrak, P.
2003. Immune response
is energetically costly in white cabbage butterfly pupae. – Proceedings
of the Royal Society of
Saks, L., McGraw, K.J. & Hõrak, P.
2003. How feather colour reflects its carotenoid content. – Functional
Ecology 17: 555-561.
Rosenvald, R.
& Lõhmus, A. 2003. Nesting of the Black Stork
(Ciconia nigra) and White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in relation to
forest management. –
Sæther, B.-E., Engen, S.,
Møller, A.P., Matthysen, E., Adriaensen, F., Fiedler, W., Leivits, A.,
Lambrechts, M.M., Visser, M.E., Anker-Nilssen, T., Both, C., Dhondt, A.A., McCleery,
R.H., McMeeking, J., Potti, J., Røstad, O.W., Thomson, D. 2003. Climate
variation and regional gradients in population dynamics of two hole nesting passerines. – Proceedings of the
Royal Society of
Lõhmus,
P., Saag, L. & Lõhmus, A. 2003. Is there merit in identifying
leprarioid crusts to species in ecological studies? Lichenologist 35:
187–190.
Leito,
A., Truu. J., Leivits, A & Ojaste, I. 2003. Changes in distribution
and numbers of the breeding population of the Common Crane Grus grus in
Estonia. – Ornis Fennica 80: 159-171.
2002
Mänd, M., Mänd,
R., Williams, I.H. 2002. Bumblebees in the
agricultural landscape of Estonia. - Agriculture, Ecosystems &
Environment 89: 69-76.
Teder, T.,
Tammaru, T.
2002. Cascading effects of plant vigour on the relative performance of
insect herbivores and their parasitoids. - Ecological Entomology
27: 94-104.
Tilgar,
V., Mänd, R., Mägi, M. 2002. Calcium shortage as a constraint on
reproduction in Great Tits Parus major: a field experiment. - Journal
of Avian Biology 33: 407-413.
Hõrak, P., Saks, L., Ots,
Lõhmus,
A. 2002. The lack of
old-growth forest - a threat to Estonian biodiversity. - Proceedings
of the
Mänd, R., Talvi, T., Ehlvest, A., Kiristaja, P.
2002. Land snails in Estonian forests: numbers and species richness. - Proceedings
of the
Väli, Ü.,
Lõhmus, A. 2002. Parental care, nestling growth and
diet in a Spotted Eagle
Tammaru,
T., Esperk, T.,
Castellanos, I. 2002. No evidence for costs of being large in females of Orgyia spp.
(Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae): larger is always better. - Oecologia 133:
430-438.
Krams,
Hõrak, P., Surai, P. E., Møller, A.
P. 2002. Fat-soluble antioxidants in the eggs of great tits Parus major
in relation to breeding habitat and laying sequence. - Avian Science 2:
123-130.
Luigujõe, L., Kuresoo, A., Leivits,
A. 2002. Numbers and distribution of Whooper Swans
breeding, wintering and on migration in Estonia, 1990-2000. – Waterbirds
25: S61-S66.
2001
Ots,
Hõrak, P., Ots, I., Vellau, H., Spottiswoode, C. & Moller, A. P.
2001. Carotenoid-based plumage
coloration reflects hemoparasite infection and local survival in breeding great
tits. - Oecologia 123, 166-173.
Mänd, R., Ehlvest, A., Kiristaja, P.
2001. Land snails in an afforested oil-shale mining area.
- Proceedings of the
Teder, T.,
Tammaru, T.
2001. Larger
larvae of a flush-feeding moth are not at a higher parasitism risk:
implications for host life-history. - European Journal of Entomology
98: 277-282.
Tammaru,
T.,
Tanhuanpää, M., Ruohomäki, K. & Vanatoa, A.
2001. Autumnal
moth - why autumnal? - Ecological Entomology 26: 646-654.
Lõhmus,
A. 2001. Habitat selection
in a recovering Osprey Pandion haliaetus population. - Ibis
143: 00-00.
Lõhmus, P.
& Lõhmus, A. 2001. Snags, and their
lichens in old Estonian peatland forests. - Annales Botanici Fennici
38: 265-280.
Lõhmus,
A. &
Väli, Ü. 2001. Interbreeding of the Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila
clanga and the Lesser Spotted Eagle A. pomarina. - Acta
Ornithoecologica 4: 377-384.
Lõhmus,
A. &
Väli, Ü. 2001. Numbers and population dynamics of the Lesser Spotted
Eagle Aquila pomarina in Estonia. - Acta Ornithoecologica
4: 291-295.
Lõhmus,
A. 2001. Ospreys Pandion haliaetus
in
2000
Mänd,
R., Tilgar, V.,
and Leivits, A. 2000. Reproductive response of Great Tits Parus major to calcium
supplementation in a naturally base-poor forest habitat. - Canadian Journal
of Zoology 78: 689-695.
Teder, T., Tanhuanpää, M., Ruohomäki, K.,
Kaitaniemi, P., Henriksson, J. 2000. Temporal and spatial variation of larval
parasitism in non-outbreaking populations of a folivorous moth. - Oecologia 123. 516-524.
Mänd, R., Tilgar, V., and Leivits, A. 2000. Calcium,
snails, and birds: a case study. - Web Ecology 1: 63-69.
Hõrak, P.,Vellau,
H., Ots,
Hõrak, P., Ots,
Tammaru T., Ruohomäki K., Montola M.
2000. Crowding-induced plasticity in Epirrita autumnata (Lepidoptera:
Geometridae): weak evidence of specific modifications in reaction norms. - Oikos
90: 171-181.
Tammaru T., Javoiš, J. 2000. Responses of ovipositing
moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) to host plant deprivation: life-history
aspects and implications for population dynamics. - Environmental
Entomology 29: 1002-1100.
K. Ruohomäki, M.
Tanhuanpää, M. P. Ayres, P. Kaitaniemi, T. Tammaru,
E. Haukioja. 2000.
Causes of cyclicity of Epirrita autumnata (Lepidoptera, Geometridae):
grandiose theory and tedious practice. - Population Ecology 42:
211-223.
Tartes, U; Kuusik, A; Hiiesaar, K.;
Metspalu, L.; Vanatoa, A. 2000. Abdominal movements, heartbeats and gas
exchange in pupae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata.
- Physiological Entomology 25: 151-158.
1999
Hõrak, P., Jenni-Eiermann, S. & Ots,
Kose, M. & Moller, A.P. 1999. Sexual selection, feather breakage
and parasites: the importance of white spots in the tail of
the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica). - Behav. Ecol.
Sociobiol. 45: 430-436.
Teder, T., Tammaru, T., Pedmanson, R. 1999. Patterns of host use in solitary
parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): field evidence from a homogenous
habitat. - Ecography 22: 79-86.
Tammaru, T. & Hõrak,
P. 1999. Should one invest more in large broods? Not necessarily. Oikos
85: 574-581.
Tartes, U., Kuusik, A., Vanatoa,
A. 1999. Heartbeat and body movement: roles in gas exchange in
galleria mellionella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) pupae. - International
Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 28: 145-149.
Tartes, U., Kuusik, A., Vanatoa,
A. 1999. Diversity in gas exchange and muscular activity patterns in
insects studied by a respirometer-actograph. - Physiological Entomology
24. 150-157.
Mänd, M., Kaaviste, H.,
Kase, K., Mänd, R. 1999. Cultivated land as habitat for bumble
bees in
Lõhmus,
A. 1999. Vole-induced
regular fluctuations in the Estonian owl populations. - Ann. Zool.
Fennici 36: 167-178.
Tilgar,
V., Mänd, R. and Leivits, A. 1999. Effect of calcium availability and habitat quality on
reproduction in Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and Great Tit Parus
major. - Journal of Avian Biology. 30: 383-391.
Kose, M.,
Mänd, R.,
Moller, A.-P.
1999. Sexual selection for white tail spots in the barn swallow in relation to
habitat choice by feather lice. - Animal Behaviour 58: 1201-1205.
Hõrak, P., Tegelmann, L., Ots, I. & Moller, A.P. 1999. Immune function and survival of great tit
nestlings in relation to growth conditions - Oecologia 121: 316-322.
Tilgar,
V., Mänd, R.,
Leivits, A. 1999.
Breeding in calcium-poor habitats: are there some extra costs? - Acta
Ornithologica 34: 215-218.
1998
Hõrak,
P. &
Lebreton, J.-D.
1998. Survival of adult Great Tits in relation to sex and habitat: a comparison
of urban and rural populations. - Ibis140: 205-209.
Ots,
Hõrak, P., Ots,
Hõrak. P., Jenni-Eiermann, S., Ots,
Ots,
Hõrak, P. & Ots,
Maran, T., Kruuk, H., MacDonald, D. W., Põlma,
M. 1998. Diet
of two species of mink in
Teder, T. 1998. Limited variability of genitalia
in the genus Pimpla (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): inter- or
intraspecific causes? -
1997
Hõrak, P., Mänd, R.
& Ots,
1996
Ots, I & Hõrak, P. 1996. Great tits (Parus major) trade health for reproduction.
- Proceedings of the Royal Society of
Mänd, R. 1996. Increased eggshell porosity
in replacement clutches of the Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus. - Ornis
Fennica, 73: 131-136.
Hõrak,
P. & Tammaru,
T 1996.
Between-year variation in breeding conditions affects heritability estimates
for body size in birds. - Ardea 84: 127-135.
Mänd, M.,
Maavara, V., Martin, A.-J., Mänd, R. 1996. The density of Bombus lucorum
(L.) required to effect maximum pollination of alfalfa in
Oksanen, L., Aunapuu,
M., Oksanen, T., Schneider, M., Ekerholm, P., Lundberg, P. A.,
Armulik, T., Aruoja, V., Bondestad, L. 1996. Outlines of wood webs in a
low arctic tundra landscape in relation of three theories on trophic dynamics.
- In: A. Sande, ed. Multitrophic Interactions in Terrestrial Food Webs. Chapmann
& Hall,
1995
Hõrak, P. 1995. Brood reduction facilitates female
but not offspring survival in the Great Tit. - Oecologia 102: 515-519.
Oksanen, L., Oksanen, T., Moen, J.,
Lundberg, P.A., Schneider, M. & Aunapuu, M. 1995. Structure and
dynamics of arctic-subarctic grazing webs in relation to primary productivity. - In: K. Winemiller & G. Polis,
eds., Food Webs: Integration of Patterns and Dynamics. Chapmann & Hall,
Hõrak, P., Mänd, R,
& Ots,
1994
Hõrak, P. 1994. Effect of
nestling history on adult size and reproduction in the Great Tit. - Ornis
Fennica 71: 47-54.
1993
Hõrak, P. 1993. Low
fledging success of urban Great Tits. - Ornis Fennica 70:
168-172.
"Meie õppetooli juurde tulevad parimad." (R. Mänd, 1993)
Viimati muudetud 10.05.2012